Remove diseased plant material quickly.
Corn diseases and pests can quickly ruin an entire crop. Combine chemical treatments with effective cultural practices to minimize the risk of these problems. Many corn diseases, such as corn smut, can live in the soil for years. Remove plant debris every fall and choose varieties suited to your area to reduce the risk of disease and insect problems. Does this Spark an idea?
Bacillus Thuringiensis
Bacillus thurningiensis, or Bt, is a biological pesticide derived from bacteria found in the soil. When caterpillars ingest it, it destroys their stomach lining, causing them to stop feeding. Use it to control caterpillars, including cutworms, seed-corn maggots and rootworms. Spray the product on the leaves while the caterpillars are feeding. The product takes three to five days to work, but the insects stop feeding shorting after consuming Bt.
Carbaryl
Carbaryl is a pesticide labeled to control Japanese beetle, flea beetles, sap beetles, European corn borers and earworms. Proper timing, though, is critical to control most of these insects effectively. For example, spraying European corn borers before they enter the cornstalks is most effective. Follow all package directions and spray carbaryl in the evening after most bees are gone.
Pyrethrin and Rotenone
Pyrethrin and rotenone are labeled for controlling aphids. These small, soft-bodied insects damage corn by sucking the sap out of it and may spread disease. In a small garden, spray the leaves with a strong stream of water to dislodge aphids, or use insecticidal soap, which is effective but less toxic than pyrethrin or rotenone. Apply insecticidal soaps directly on the aphids for maximum effectiveness.
Considerations
Corn is susceptible to several fungal and bacterial problems, as well as insect infestations. Chemical controls are not available for most corn diseases, as of the time of publication. Instead, buy treated corn seed and plant the corn only after the last frost. Till the soil every fall to destroy overwintering insects. Space the corn at least 12 inches apart so air circulates freely, and rotate the crop from year to year.
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